Grammar 1.10

STUDY SKILLS
Joining ideas.

We use too, both, and, as well to join similar ideas.
Both Sue and Sam want to study at a university. Sue wants to study at a university, Sam wants to study at a university too/as well.

We use whereas, but to join opposing ideas.
Sue wants to live in an appartment, whereas Sam wants to live on a farm.


Asking about future plans              Making predictions
.- Where will you ...?                    I think i'll ...
.- What will ...?                            I don't think ...
.- Will you ...?                              I don't think so. I don't know. Probably not.

Grammar 1.9

Grammar 1.9 
The imperative

We use the imperative to give advice, instructions, or direct orders. Open your mouth
To sound more polite, we can use please.
Sit Down, please.

REMEMBER! We use don't + base form of the verb to make a negative imperative.
Don't touch these wires.

We can use the imperative in the main clause in conditional type 1 to give advice or instructions.
If you burn tour tongue while drinking tea, put some salt on it.

Grammar 1.8

Grammar 1.8 
Intentions & arrangements

He's playing mtennis later.
He's going to buy a new raket.

Asking                                                              Replying
.- What's the weather like?                              It's warm and sunny
.- It's a lovely day today!                                 It certainly/sure is
.- It's really cold, isn't it?                                  I don't think so
.- It's so hot, isn't it?                                        Defnitley
.- It's too windy today, isn't it?

Grammar 1.7

Grammar 1.7

1 be dark / it close the drapes
If it's dark, it will close the drapes

2 a person enter a room / lights switch on automatically
If a person enter a room, the lights will switch on automatically

3 temperature drop to 59ºF / it turn up heating
If the temperature drop to 59ºF, it will turn up heating

4 you clap twice / TV turn on
If you clap twice, TV will turn on

5 fridge run out of food / it order supplies from supermarket
If the fridge run out of food, it will order supplies from supermarket.

6 someone break in / it inform you on your mobile.
If someone break in, it will inform you on your mobile.

Grammar 1.6

Grammar 1.6
Simple present - Present progressive

.- for habits/routines: He works in a zoo. He gets up at 6 and feeds the animals
.- for timetables: The zoo opens at 9 pm
.-for permanent states & facts: James has blue eyes. Cows eat grass.

Time expressions: everyday, on Tuesdays, often, etc.

Present Progressive:
.- for actions happening now/around the time of speaking: Tina is feeding the animals now. She is working hard these days.
.- temporary situations: Tina is working in a zoo for the summer.

Time expressions: now, at the moment, at present, etc.

NOTE: Some verbs don't have progressive forms bacause they describe a state rather than an action (appear, believe, want, like, hate, know, seem, etc.)
I want to adopt an animal (NOT. I'm wanting...)

Grammar 1.5

Grammar 1.5
     Will

We use will for:
.- On-the spot decisions: I'm tired. I'll take a nap.
.- Predictions based on what we know: You'll lose weight with thgis workout.
.- Promises, offers, threats, hopes: I promise you'll feel better right away

NOTE: After time words (while, before, after, until, when, if, etc.) we don't use will. We use the simple present. I'll call you when i reach Brazil. (NOT: when i will reach) BUT When will he call? (question word)

Grammar 1.4

Grammar 1.4
Conditional type 1

If + Simple present -----> will + base from of a main verb.
If we keep cutting down trees, animals will lose their habitat.

Use: to talk about a possible situation in the present or future.
Animals will lose their habitat if we keep cutting down trees.

NOTE: Unless = If not

Compare the examples
Unless we stop cutting down trees, animals will lose their habitats.
If we don't stop cutting down trees...

Grammar 1.3

EVERYDAY ENGLISH
Expressing anoyance

Expressing anoyance                                             Agreeing/Disagreeing
.- It (really) anoys me when ...                              .- I know how you feel.
  
.- It frustrates me when ...                                     .- Me, too.

.- I hate ...                                                             .- You can't be serious!

.- I can't stand ...                                                    .- Really? I don't mind it at all.

Grammar 1.3
Conditional type 0 exercise:

1. If Laura goes (go) to bed late, she wakes up in a bad mood
2. If my baby niece not eats (not/eat) every three hours, she cries.
3. If Sarah takes (take) a bath in the evening, she feels relaxed afterhours.
4. If people laughs (laugh) at me, i feel embarrased.
5. If people coughs (cough) without covering their mouths, it disgusts me.
6. If Lisa meets (meet) new people, she is usually quiet and shy.
7. If i stand (stand) in a long line, i get bothered very quickly.
8. If i work (work) out, i sleep very well.

WRITTING
 Example:
If my brother is outside and it starts raining, he gets frustrated.
If my brother goes to bed late, he's in a bad mood the next day.

Grammar 1.2

Grammar 1.2
Simple present

We use the simple present for:
-. Facts:  The sun rises in the east. It doesn't rise in the west.

-. Habites/Rutines:  Astronauts usually sleep 8 hours a day after a 16-hour work day. They take sponge baths daily. Do they exercise regularly? Yes, they do.

-. Timetables: The space museum opens at 9pm every weekday.

Spelling Rules:
.- most verbs + -s: I sleep - He sleeps
.- verbs in -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o, + -es: I miss - He misses
.- consonant + -y + ies: I study - He studies
.- vowel +y + -s: I play - He plays

Grammar 1.1

Grammar 1.1
Conditional type 0

IF CLAUSE                                             MAIN CLAUSE
If/When + Simple present                     Simple present
 If when you heat water, it boils.

Use: to express a general truth or a scientific fact. In this type of conditional, we can use when instead of if.
When the if-clause preceds the main clause, we use a comma to separate the two clauses. Compare:

If you heat water, it boils.            Water boils if you heat it.